I. Inspiration within reach

The idea came from an Israeli scholar, Daniel Kahneman, who came up with the idea as an attempt to categorize the way humans make decisions in response to various things. He believes there are three main ways of thinking.

1. Representative inspiration

2. Inspiration within reach

3. Inspiration adjustment

Among the three approaches, "Inspiration with reach" means that when an individual thinks about something he or she has experienced, it is a relatively subjective thinking process based on empiricism, which often leads to errors in judgment.

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For example, many people think that there are the most words starting with letter "R", but that's not the case, just because it's in common vocabulary.

In addition to this, a common cognitive bias is that when choosing transportation, people tend to assume that airplanes are a less safe and more risky way of transportation than trains, which they are not.

It is just that the impact of the plane crash was so great that it left a deeper impression on people, which deepened people's misunderstanding of the event.

2. Stop the loss when the losses cannot be retrieved, keep the gains when then are within reach

Similarly, it was psychologists Kahneman and Tevsky who came up with this concept, and it is also known as the "Framing effect."

This is to explain how individuals react to different perspectives.

We often come across the term "gambler's psychology," and we know that when a gambler gains first and loses frequently in a casino, what he wants is to raise the stakes and win back what he has lost, but in the end he often loses nothing or loses everything.

This is that when we are in an emotionally impulsive situation, the accuracy of our decision will change based on various factors, and we can no longer make rational judgments.

3. When people’s own ideas are perceived, they will deliberately cover up with the opposite performance

I believe that many people have seen this. In the early age of love, a boy may have a feeling of love towards a girl around, but due to a variety of reasons most people would hide the feelings deeply in the bottom of heart, and finally silently focus on the other person.

However, once the crush is discovered, the boy will try his best to clear up his "grievance" by claiming that he does not like the girl.

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This is a kind of "self-protection mechanism" of the individual. The purpose is to protect something in their mind that they think is private from the outside world, to achieve a self-relieving effect and reduce their inner anxiety.

Saying or doing the opposite of what you think you are doing is trying to deal with the anxiety, to indicate that you are not what you think you are.

Similar behaviours also involve the diversion of one's inner anxiety.

For example, a person suffered a lot of blows outside and felt extremely unhappy. When he came back home, he would often look for opportunities to release his inner anger. Therefore, conflicts would often break out between husband and wife after their husband or wife came home from work because of some minor matters, resulting in domestic violence.

It is because they are more "tolerant" to the outside world, and they do not want to conflict with strangers, they can only quarrel with their own wives, and eventually domestic violence happens.

For us, when we feel internal emotional fluctuations, such as feelings of grievance, unhappiness, anger, etc., we need to learn to channel them into positive actions, otherwise the anger will "hurt the innocent".

4. The more goals and motivation you have, the less effective and profitable it will be

The concept is derived from psychology Yerkes Morgulis’ law. For an individual, whatever he does, there is a functional relationship between his motivation before doing it and his efficiency after doing it, and the picture is "u-shaped".

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In other words, when the independent variable, the driving force, is in an intermediate intensity, the dependent variable, the efficiency, will reach its extreme.

For example, many people, especially students, before the important exam,  will greatly give themselves encouragement and psychological hint, telling themselves there is no problem, as long as they have made ten times the effort, they will be successful.

But often in the exam process, question which is a bit beyond their imagination will make them instantly "collapse". Finally, they cannot bear the pressure, unforced errors happen.

So, for us, as long as we have firm belief, keep going forward, adhere to our own goal, we always get the ideal results. Success is not achieved overnight; a lot of things cannot be rushed.